Andrew Solutions offers a wealth of information covered in this selection of technical white papers, authored by our team of industry experts.
This paper provides analysis results based on four types of antenna comparisons, which include the following:
- Standard gain antenna vs. high gain antenna
- 900 MHz antenna vs. 1800 MHz antenna
- 65° horizontal beamwidth antenna vs. 90° horizontal beamwidth antenna
- Two single band antennas vs. one dual band antenna
This white paper discusses how various components in the RF path can affect cascaded system return loss and introduces a tool available by Andrew Solutions that simplifies this mathematical calculation.
Radio path clearance between antennas is an essential criterion for any point-to-point communication system, and is one critical element of propagation conditions of a mobile communication system. If a fairly large object exists in the radiation path between two antennas, reduced received signal strength will occur because the radio link relies increasingly on energy diffracted around the obstructing object, rather than direct (line-of-sight) radiation. We can analyze this situation quite easily using the concept of Fresnel zones.
The effects of electrical and mechanical downtilting on the horizontal pattern, as well as an improved guideline for antennas using electrical downtilt are discussed in this white paper in order to help operators reduce horizontal pattern irregularities such as pattern blooming, beam squint, and front-to-back ratios to acceptable levels.
Service providers are facing rapidly increasing pressure from zoning boards to co-locate their base station antennas on the same tower structure as other providers. Traditionally, these antenna installations have been vertically spaced about 15 to 20 feet apart to ensure adequate antenna electrical isolation, intermodulation and harmonic signal rejection, and resistance to receiver noise desensitization. This note addresses the electrical coupling between horizontally and vertically spaced antennas.
Lightning happens! While it can be a spectacular phenomenon to witness, it can also cause damage to property, structures, and even be fatal to human life if not respected. Without a doubt, expenses from lightning damage can be substantial—especially for companies whose equipment is installed on tall structures (since lightning tends to strike taller objects). The wireless antenna industry is particularly at risk with its multitude of towers.
This white paper addresses how a well-designed antenna that provides excellent electrical performance with regards to pattern performance and front-to-back ratio, such as those being developed by Andrew Solutions, can go a long way toward helping operators realize the potential that WiMAX technology offers to end users.
Kevin Linehan, Chief Technical Officer at Andrew Solutions, Base Station Antenna Systems, in conjunction with researchers from the University of Texas, studied what makes for a good MIMO (Multiple Input / Multiple Output) base station antenna, evaluating the performance of two popular antenna designs. The resulting paper was published by Antenna Systems and Technology in October 2008. Wireless operators looking to maximize the performance of new air-interface technologies such as LTE and WiMAX should find it useful.
This white paper provides a technical overview of smart bias tee applications and addresses some of the most common site configurations used in the real-world.
Learn more about the impact of wind loading calculations on tower load capability and the calculations used by Andrew Solutions to effectively guage wind loading on our base station antennas in this informative white paper.
BSA Technical Information
